Working Papers
ERF Working papers are a quick and efficient way of sharing research work to disseminate knowledge, receive feedback, obtain preliminary recognition, and ultimately, to prepare publications.
Latest Working Papers
Full List of Working Papers
Impact of Covid-19 on Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Iraq
Among the main socio-economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Middle Eastern countries, its impact... Read More
Stubborn Historical Legacies: Power Relations and Government Policy in Sudan
Despite Sudan’s legacy of abrupt but successful popular uprisings, the country has failed to date... Read More
Addressing Sustainability and Equity Challenges in Managing the Environment and Natural Wealth in Sudan
Ensuring sustainability is about protecting the rights of future generations in natural wealth endowments, which... Read More
Digitalization in MENA and Sub-Saharan Africa: A Comparative Analysis of Mobile Internet Uptake and Use in Sub-Saharan Africa and MENA Countries
This paper focuses on uptake and use of mobile internet-enabled smartphones as a key access... Read More
Would Closing the Gender Digital Divide Close the Economic Gender Gap in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies?
COVID-19 crisis accelerated the use of information technology-based solutions, as e-learning and remote work became... Read More
Structural Transformation in MENA and SSA: The Role of Digitalization
The paper focuses on two challenges of digitalization for structural transformation in MENA and SSA,... Read More
Drivers of Income Inequality during COVID-19 Pandemic in Jordan
The COVID-19 pandemic is a global crisis that has added additional challenges and burdens on... Read More
The Threshold Impact of Remittances on Financial Development: New Evidence from Egypt
This study examines the nonlinear impact of remittances on financial development (FD) in Egypt over... Read More
Spatial Wage Curves for Formal and Informal Workers in Turkey
This paper estimates spatial wage curves for formal and informal workers in Turkey using individual... Read More