Working Papers

ERF Working papers are a quick and efficient way of sharing research work to disseminate knowledge, receive feedback, obtain preliminary recognition, and ultimately, to prepare publications.

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Latest Working Papers

Working Papers

Digital Financial Inclusion and Socioeconomic Sustainability in Saudi...

This study investigates the causal relationship, if any exists, between external debt and... Read More

Date

July, 2025

No.

1783

Topic

O3. Technological Change, Research and Development, Intellectual Property Rights

G2. Financial Institutions and Services

I3. Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty

Working Papers

The Effect of International Sanctions on the Size...

This study investigates the causal relationship, if any exists, between external debt and... Read More

Date

July, 2025

No.

1782

Topic

P3. Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions

I3. Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty

F1. Trade

Working Papers

Tracing the COVID-19 Footprint: A Sectoral Interrupted Time...

This study investigates the causal relationship, if any exists, between external debt and... Read More

Date

July, 2025

No.

1781

Topic

E4. Money and Interest Rates

Q4. Energy

Working Papers

Bridging Education and Fertility: Unraveling the Role of...

This study investigates the causal relationship, if any exists, between external debt and... Read More

Date

June, 2025

No.

1780

Topic

I14 Health and Inequality

J1. Demographic Economics

Working Papers

Domestic and External Determinants of Inflation: An Empirical...

This study investigates the causal relationship, if any exists, between external debt and... Read More

Date

June, 2025

No.

1779

Topic

E3. Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles

E5. Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit

E6. Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook

Full List of Working Papers

Working Papers
The Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Sudanese Output: An Asymmetric Analysis using the NARDL Model

This study tests the hypothesis that the real effective exchange rate changes have an asymmetric... Read More

Working Papers
Determinants of Adoption of Online Commercial Activities by Moroccan Firms

E-commerce is a global trend that is having an impact on consumers and businesses. While... Read More

Working Papers
Digitalization and Disruptive Technologies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) Regions

This paper aims at investigating the role of digitalization and the so-called disruptive technologies (DTs)... Read More

Working Papers
Digitalization and Firm Performance in The Middle East and North Africa: Case Studies of Jordan, Morocco, and Egypt

In a digitalizing global economy, countries that successfully harness the potential of e-commerce are better... Read More

Working Papers
Does Digitalization Matter? Evidence from Egyptian and Jordanian Firms

Generally, digitalized firms are more productive, more likely to export, and more likely to rely... Read More

Working Papers
Which Firms Are More Digitized? A Comparative Study between Egypt and Jordan

Digitalization refers to the transition from an industrial age characterized by traditional technologies to a... Read More

Working Papers
Crony Capitalism Through the “Developmental State” Model of Ethiopia: An Identification of its Main Manifestations

Ethiopia adopted the ‘developmental state model’ in early 2000. This strategy was in force until... Read More

Working Papers
Political Islam and Crony Capitalism in Sudan: A Case Study of “Munazzamat Al-Dawa Al-Islamiyya”

This paper examines the role of political Islam in encouraging cronyism in Sudan, with a... Read More

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