Publications

Connecting People and Ideas... Through its impartial, independent and timely analysis of economic problems on the one hand and a well-established publications process on the other, ERF seeks maximize impact of development research and to inform policy debate and policy discussions. Our portfolio includes a Series of Working Papers and Series of Policy Reports, Policy Briefs and Policy Perspectives.

Latest ERF Publications

Working Papers

When Sanctions Hit Home: Measuring Poverty Dynamics in...

Economic sanctions have become a routine instrument of foreign policy, yet their distributional... Read More

Date

November, 2026

No.

1850

Topic

F5. International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy

I3. Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty

O1. Economic Development

Working Papers

Low Taxes, Low Productivity? Labor Supply, Informality and...

Economic sanctions have become a routine instrument of foreign policy, yet their distributional... Read More

Date

November, 2026

No.

1849

Topic

H2. Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue

J4. Particular Labor Markets

Working Papers

Powering the Energy Transition in Enterprises: Empirical Insights...

Economic sanctions have become a routine instrument of foreign policy, yet their distributional... Read More

Date

November, 2026

No.

1848

Topic

O3. Technological Change, Research and Development, Intellectual Property Rights

Q4. Energy

Q5. Environmental Economics

F1. Trade

Policy Briefs

Is Egypt’s Job Ladder Broken? Evidence from 25...

Economic sanctions have become a routine instrument of foreign policy, yet their distributional... Read More

Date

October, 2026

No.

PB 169

Topic

J6. Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers

J1. Demographic Economics

Working Papers

Where Have All the Mothers Gone? COVID and...

Economic sanctions have become a routine instrument of foreign policy, yet their distributional... Read More

Date

October, 2026

No.

1847

Topic

I1. Health

J2. Demand and Supply of Labor

J1. Demographic Economics

Full List of ERF Publications

Working Papers
When Sanctions Hit Home: Measuring Poverty Dynamics in Iran Using a Synthetic Panel Approach

Economic sanctions have become a routine instrument of foreign policy, yet their distributional consequences for... Read More

Working Papers
Low Taxes, Low Productivity? Labor Supply, Informality and The Role of Personal Income Taxes in The MENA Region

This paper investigates the MENA Paradox, where low statutory personal income taxes coexist with low... Read More

Working Papers
Powering the Energy Transition in Enterprises: Empirical Insights into the Global Value Chain–Energy Innovation Nexus

Global value chain (GVC) embedding can induce businesses’ energy efficiency and decarbonization transition. Yet, this... Read More

Policy Briefs
Is Egypt’s Job Ladder Broken? Evidence from 25 Years of Employment Panel Data

In a nutshell: Upward mobility on Egypt’s job ladder has declined over the past 25... Read More

Working Papers
Where Have All the Mothers Gone? COVID and Mothers Leaving the Labor Force in Egypt

The paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender gaps in labor market... Read More

Working Papers
Micro-Level Estimation of Poverty in Iran: Evidence from 2016 Census Data

Accurate identification of deprived populations at a manageable geographic scale is essential for designing effective... Read More

Working Papers
Do Household Enterprise Dynamics Help Workers Climb the Job Ladder? Evidence from Egyptian Panel Data

Household enterprises are a defining feature of labor markets in developing countries, yet their relationship... Read More

Working Papers
Conflict Intensity and Nascent Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Iraq

This study examines how conflict intensity shapes nascent entrepreneurial transitions in Iraq. Combining ACLED regional... Read More

Working Papers
The Impact of the EU’s Emissions Trading System on 3rd Countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)

Could the European Union’s Emission Trading System (EU’s ETS) have both negative (carbon leakage) and... Read More

302