Working Papers

ERF Working papers are a quick and efficient way of sharing research work to disseminate knowledge, receive feedback, obtain preliminary recognition, and ultimately, to prepare publications.

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Latest Working Papers

Working Papers

Conflict Intensity and Nascent Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Iraq

This paper attempts to identify the factors that influencing the parallel exchange rate... Read More

Date

October, 2026

No.

1844

Topic

L2. Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior

O5. Economywide Country Studies

D7. Analysis of Collective Decision-Making

Working Papers

The Impact of the EU’s Emissions Trading System...

This paper attempts to identify the factors that influencing the parallel exchange rate... Read More

Date

October, 2026

No.

1843

Topic

Q4. Energy

Q5. Environmental Economics

O1. Economic Development

Working Papers

Labor Market Dynamics and Economic Mobility: An Analysis...

This paper attempts to identify the factors that influencing the parallel exchange rate... Read More

Date

October, 2026

No.

1842

Topic

J3. Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs

I3. Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty

J2. Demand and Supply of Labor

Working Papers

Conflict Exposure in a Multi-Sectarian Society: Evidence from...

This paper attempts to identify the factors that influencing the parallel exchange rate... Read More

Date

October, 2026

No.

1841

Topic

C9. Design of Experiments

N4. Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation

D7. Analysis of Collective Decision-Making

Working Papers

Does Automatic Enrollment Crowd Out Voluntary IPS Contribution?...

This paper attempts to identify the factors that influencing the parallel exchange rate... Read More

Date

October, 2026

No.

1840

Topic

H3. Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents

H2. Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue

D1. Household Behavior and Family Economics

Full List of Working Papers

Working Papers
Determinants and Macroeconomic Impact of Parallel Market For Foreign Exchange in Sudan

This paper attempts to identify the factors that influencing the parallel exchange rate premium in... Read More

Working Papers
Employment and the Functioning of the Labor Market in Tunisia

The main purpose of this paper is to study the functioning of the Tunisian labor... Read More

Working Papers
Governance and Renewable Energy Investment in MENA Countries: How Does Trade Matter?

Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries have recently developed their renewable energy markets. However,... Read More

Working Papers
The Impact of Foreign Capital Inflows on Economic Growth and Employment in Egypt: A Sectoral Empirical Analysis

This paper traces the effect of “Greenfield Investment” disaggregated into six sectors on the one... Read More

Working Papers
The Composition of Labor Supply and Unemployment in Tunisia

This paper examines labor supply in Tunisia in relation to key demographic characteristics such as... Read More

Working Papers
Fiscal Consolidation and UAE Vision 2021: A Small Scale Macroeconomic Model Approach

Given the persistence of low oil prices, which has become the new norm, and the... Read More

Working Papers
Does Maternal Employment Affect Child Nutrition Status? New Evidence From Egypt

Despite that maternal employment can increase family income, several studies have suggested that it has... Read More

Working Papers
Why Don’t MENA Countries Trade More? The Curse of Bad Institutions

This paper explores the relation between institutions and trade in the Middle East and North... Read More

Working Papers
Institutional Environment and Bank Capital Ratios

We investigate the influence of the institutional environment on bank capital levels. Using a sample... Read More

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