Working Papers
ERF Working papers are a quick and efficient way of sharing research work to disseminate knowledge, receive feedback, obtain preliminary recognition, and ultimately, to prepare publications.
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Trade and Access to Finance of SMEs: Is There A Nexus?
Limited resources and barriers to entry are critically higher for small and medium enterprises (SMEs)... Read More
Impact of Internal Migration on Political Participation in Turkey
During last sixty years, the Turkish population moved from one province to another at the... Read More
Estimating the Income Counterfactual for Oil Producing Countries of The MENA Region
How much richer would oil producing countries in the Middle East be if they invested... Read More
Democracy, Democratic Consolidation and Military Spending
We introduce two considerations into the debate about democracy and military spending. First, greater government... Read More
Effects of Institutions and Natural Resources in A Multiple Growth Regime
The dependence to natural resource is currently the object of a wide debate in the... Read More
Patterns of Labor Market Insertion in Egypt, 1998-2012
The Egyptian labor is characterized by high levels of youth unemployment and by substantial informalization... Read More
Do Natural Resources Inhibit Transparency?
Using a new dataset on transparency across 177 countries from 1970 to 2010 and new... Read More
Social Order, Rents and Ecnomic Development in Iran since the Early 20th Century
This paper examines the evolution of social orders in Iran since the early 20th century... Read More
Women’s Participation in the Egyptian Labor Market: 1998 – 2012
This paper examines the reasons for the persistently low participation of women in the Egyptian... Read More