Working Papers

ERF Working papers are a quick and efficient way of sharing research work to disseminate knowledge, receive feedback, obtain preliminary recognition, and ultimately, to prepare publications.

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Latest Working Papers

Working Papers

The Effect of International Sanctions on the Size...

The literature on gender and the Arab “Spring” has documented the role of... Read More

Date

July, 2025

No.

1782

Topic

P3. Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions

I3. Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty

F1. Trade

Working Papers

Tracing the COVID-19 Footprint: A Sectoral Interrupted Time...

The literature on gender and the Arab “Spring” has documented the role of... Read More

Date

July, 2025

No.

1781

Topic

E4. Money and Interest Rates

Q4. Energy

Working Papers

Bridging Education and Fertility: Unraveling the Role of...

The literature on gender and the Arab “Spring” has documented the role of... Read More

Date

June, 2025

No.

1780

Topic

I14 Health and Inequality

J1. Demographic Economics

Working Papers

Domestic and External Determinants of Inflation: An Empirical...

The literature on gender and the Arab “Spring” has documented the role of... Read More

Date

June, 2025

No.

1779

Topic

E3. Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles

E5. Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit

E6. Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook

Working Papers

The Missing Link: When GVC Does Not Matter...

The literature on gender and the Arab “Spring” has documented the role of... Read More

Date

June, 2025

No.

1778

Topic

L1. Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance

F1. Trade

O1. Economic Development

Full List of Working Papers

Working Papers
Gendering the Costs and Benefits of the Arab Uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt Using the Gallup Surveys

The literature on gender and the Arab “Spring” has documented the role of female activists... Read More

Working Papers
Inequalities in Early Childhood Development in the Middle East and North Africa

Early childhood is the most important and sensitive time for human development. However, countries tend... Read More

Working Papers
Fifty Years of Fiscal Policy in the Arab Region

The paper looks at the evolution of public finance in a select number of MENA... Read More

Working Papers
The Employment Intensity of Output Growth in Tunisia and Its Determinants

Since January 2011, Tunisia has been implementing a transition to democracy. This paper addresses the... Read More

Working Papers
Flexible Labor Regulations and Informality in Egypt

Do flexible labor market regulations reduce informal employment? This paper examines the effects of changes... Read More

Working Papers
Oil Price Risk Exposure and the Cross-section of Stock Returns: The Case of Net Exporting Countries

The main goal of this paper is to examine whether oil price risk is systematically... Read More

Working Papers
MSEs Informality and Productivity: Evidence From Egypt

This paper assesses the impact of informality on household enterprise performance in terms of productivity... Read More

Working Papers
Female Employment in MENA’s Manufacturing Sector: The Implications of Firm-Related and National Factors

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has realized significant advances toward improving women’s... Read More

Working Papers
Reforming Employment Protection in Egypt: An Evaluation Based on Transition Models with Measurement Errors

Do reforms introducing more flexibility in developing countries’ labor markets reduce unemployment? This paper proposes... Read More

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