Working Papers
ERF Working papers are a quick and efficient way of sharing research work to disseminate knowledge, receive feedback, obtain preliminary recognition, and ultimately, to prepare publications.
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Does the Inverted U-Shaped Kuznets Environmental Curve Hold for Sudan? Evidence from the ARDL Approach
This study primarily aims to test the applicability of the inverted U-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve... Read More
The Missing Link: When GVC Does Not Matter for Structural Change
Despite rising levels of Global Value Chains (GVC) integration in several emerging and developing economies,... Read More
Domestic and External Determinants of Inflation: An Empirical Investigation for Egypt
This paper investigates the relationship between inflation in and a set of domestic and external... Read More
Bridging Education and Fertility: Unraveling the Role of Gender Attitudes
In 2023, Jordan's fertility rate has decreased to 2.6 children per woman. This decline is... Read More
Tracing the COVID-19 Footprint: A Sectoral Interrupted Time Series Analysis of Real Estate Price Dynamics in Saudi Arabia
This study traces the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on real estate price dynamics in... Read More
The Effect of International Sanctions on the Size of the Middle Class in Iran
This study examines the impact of international economic sanctions, imposed on Iran due to its... Read More
Digital Financial Inclusion and Socioeconomic Sustainability in Saudi Arabia: Drivers, Disparities, and Policy Pathways
This study explores the evolution, determinants, and disparities of digital financial inclusion (DFI) in Saudi... Read More
Impact of the Chikungunya Epidemic on Household Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures In Kassala State, Sudan
This study examines the health and economic repercussions of the 2018 Chikungunya epidemic on households... Read More
Childhood Vows, Career Costs: The Impacts of Early Marriage and Childbirth on Women’s Employment In Egypt – Evidence from ELMPS 2023
Egypt’s female labor force participation remains among the world’s lowest, at 16 percent in 2023.... Read More