Working Papers

ERF Working papers are a quick and efficient way of sharing research work to disseminate knowledge, receive feedback, obtain preliminary recognition, and ultimately, to prepare publications.

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Latest Working Papers

Working Papers

Powering Minds, Empowering Lives: Understanding the Effects of...

Abstract Although there is literature about off-balance sheet (OBS) activities in the banking... Read More

Date

August, 2025

No.

1789

Topic

O5. Economywide Country Studies

Q5. Environmental Economics

I1. Health

O1. Economic Development

Working Papers

The Causal Effect of 2012 Compulsory Education Law...

Abstract Although there is literature about off-balance sheet (OBS) activities in the banking... Read More

Date

August, 2025

No.

1787

Topic

I2. Education and Research Institutions

J2. Demand and Supply of Labor

J1. Demographic Economics

Working Papers

Fiscal Limits in the MENA Region: A Structural...

Abstract Although there is literature about off-balance sheet (OBS) activities in the banking... Read More

Date

August, 2025

No.

1787

Topic

H6. National Budget, Deficit, and Debt

H3. Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents

E6. Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook

Working Papers

Intensity of International Sanctions and Internal Conflict: The...

Abstract Although there is literature about off-balance sheet (OBS) activities in the banking... Read More

Date

August, 2025

No.

1786

Topic

F5. International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy

D7. Analysis of Collective Decision-Making

Working Papers

Childhood Vows, Career Costs: The Impacts of Early...

Abstract Although there is literature about off-balance sheet (OBS) activities in the banking... Read More

Date

July, 2025

Topic

C2. Single Equation Models

J1. Demographic Economics

Full List of Working Papers

Working Papers
The Determinants and Policy Implications of Off-Balance Sheet Activities in MENA Countries Commercial Banks

Abstract Although there is literature about off-balance sheet (OBS) activities in the banking system, this... Read More

Working Papers
The Unending Search for a New Global Monetary and Financial Architecture

Abstract This paper analyzes some key features of the global monetary and financial crisis and... Read More

Working Papers
Trade Openness, Relative Demand of Skilled Workers and Technological Change in Tunisia, 1998–2002

Abstract This paper investigates the relationship between technological change and the relative demand of skilled... Read More

Working Papers
Assessing The Effects of Trade Liberalization on Wage Inequalities in Egypt: A Microsimulation Analysis

Abstract This paper develops a microsimulation analysis to evaluate the impact of trade liberalization policies... Read More

Working Papers
Does Agricultural Trade Liberalization Help The Poor in Tunisia? A Micro-Macro View in A Dynamic General Equilibrium Context

Abstract This paper is an attempt to contribute to the research on poverty-alleviation potential of... Read More

Working Papers
Decomposing Income Inequality in The Arab Region

Abstract The main objective of this paper is to perform a decomposition analysis of the... Read More

Working Papers
Economic Growth in Bahrain: The Contribution of Multifactor Productivity

Abstract With the process of expansion and the structural transformation taking place in Bahrain, it... Read More

Working Papers
Household Expenditure Polarization: Evidence from The Arab Region

Abstract This paper analyzes the trend and changes of household expenditure polarization in five Arab... Read More

Working Papers
Desperately Seeking the Positive Impact of Undervaluation on Growth

Abstract This paper contributes to a current and intense debate among economists on whether real... Read More

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