Working Papers

ERF Working papers are a quick and efficient way of sharing research work to disseminate knowledge, receive feedback, obtain preliminary recognition, and ultimately, to prepare publications.

Read Publication Procedures & Guidelines for Authors

Latest Working Papers

Working Papers

Fiscal Limits in the MENA Region: A Structural...

This study examines the effects of firm trade participation on labor productivity, wages,... Read More

Date

August, 2025

No.

1787

Topic

H6. National Budget, Deficit, and Debt

H3. Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents

E6. Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook

Working Papers

Intensity of International Sanctions and Internal Conflict: The...

This study examines the effects of firm trade participation on labor productivity, wages,... Read More

Date

August, 2025

No.

1786

Topic

F5. International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy

D7. Analysis of Collective Decision-Making

Working Papers

Childhood Vows, Career Costs: The Impacts of Early...

This study examines the effects of firm trade participation on labor productivity, wages,... Read More

Date

July, 2025

Topic

C2. Single Equation Models

J1. Demographic Economics

Working Papers

Impact of the Chikungunya Epidemic on Household Out-of-Pocket...

This study examines the effects of firm trade participation on labor productivity, wages,... Read More

Date

July, 2025

No.

1784

Topic

I1. Health

O1. Economic Development

Working Papers

Digital Financial Inclusion and Socioeconomic Sustainability in Saudi...

This study examines the effects of firm trade participation on labor productivity, wages,... Read More

Date

July, 2025

No.

1783

Topic

O3. Technological Change, Research and Development, Intellectual Property Rights

G2. Financial Institutions and Services

I3. Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty

Full List of Working Papers

Working Papers
They Still Got the Power: The Enduring Connections between Lebanon’s Banking Sector and the Ruling Class

This paper updates the findings of Chaaban (2016), “I’ve Got the Power: Mapping Connections between... Read More

Working Papers
The Impact of Syrian Refugees on the Overeducation of Natives: Evidence from Turkish Labor Markets

The effects of migration on labor market outcomes, such as earnings and employment, have been... Read More

Working Papers
Breaking Barriers: Investigating the Effects of 100% Foreign Ownership on Business Entry in Dubai

The regulatory and institutional environment of a nation plays a critical role in shaping the... Read More

Working Papers
Preferences and the Puzzle of Female Labor Force Participation

Women in the Middle East have had significant achievements in the last four decades. Their... Read More

Working Papers
Inflation Inequality in Egypt Amid the Russia–Ukraine War

In February 2022, global supply chains were disrupted amid the eruption of the Ukraine–Russia war.... Read More

Working Papers
Local State Capacity and Economic Development of Regions

This paper studies the impact of local state capacity on the economic development of regions.... Read More

Working Papers
GVC and Innovation: Evidence from MENA Firm-Level Data

Despite the broad theoretical and empirical studies diagnosing reasons behind the upscaling global value chains... Read More

Working Papers
Is the Moroccan Fiscal System Progressive? A Shapley Decomposition

Public policies, particularly those related to tax policy and subsidies, should help reduce poverty and... Read More

195