Working Papers
ERF Working papers are a quick and efficient way of sharing research work to disseminate knowledge, receive feedback, obtain preliminary recognition, and ultimately, to prepare publications.
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Women’s Agency in Jordan: The Impact of Marriage and Motherhood Moderated by Education
Marriage and motherhood both represent key milestones in commitment and family responsibilities. In this context,... Read More
Supply Chain Diversification, Firm Persistence, and the Role of Finance: Case of Iranian MSMEs
This paper examines the relationship between supply chain diversification (SCD) and the persistence of micro,... Read More
Occupational Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap in Egypt, 1998–2023
Female labor force participation in Egypt remains low, and wages consistently under-reward women compared to... Read More
Household Micro and Small Enterprises in Egypt: Overview and Developments through 2023
We use household enterprise data from the Egypt Labor Market Panel Surveys (ELMPS) in 1998,... Read More
Is Egypt Ready for the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism? Evidence from Firm-Level Data
Egyptian firms are a vital case for examining the impact of the EU Carbon Border... Read More
How Mergers & Acquisitions (M&As) Shape the Dynamics of Exports and R&D Activities: Evidence from Tunisian Manufacturing Firms
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can inject technology and knowledge into host- country economies, potentially influencing... Read More
Trade and Connectiveness Between Neighbors across the Strait
We investigate the trade relationship between two neighbors, Spain and Morocco, focusing on the role... Read More
From Vulnerability to Resilience: Households’ Exposure to Shocks and Coping Mechanisms in Egypt
Managing risks and reducing vulnerability to shocks affect the welfare of households and resilience of... Read More
The Impact of Minimum Wage Shock on Robot Adaption in Turkey
In recent years, the surge in industrial robot usage has been prominently driven by labor... Read More