Working Papers
ERF Working papers are a quick and efficient way of sharing research work to disseminate knowledge, receive feedback, obtain preliminary recognition, and ultimately, to prepare publications.
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Harassment and Female Labor Force Participation: Micro-Level Evidence in Egypt
Sexual harassment is a pervasive form of violence against women (VAW) worldwide. In Egypt, women... Read More
Powering Minds, Empowering Lives: Understanding the Effects of Energy Poverty- Low-Carbon Energy Transition Nexus on Children in MENA
Energy poverty across the Middle East and North Africa leads to health and growth hazards... Read More
The Causal Effect of 2012 Compulsory Education Law on NEET in Türkiye: A Regression Discontinuity Design
In 2012, the Turkish government extended compulsory education from eight to twelve years. This article... Read More
Fiscal Limits in the MENA Region: A Structural Analysis of Debt Sustainability
The MENA region has faced significant socio-economic and political shocks over the past decade, which... Read More
Intensity of International Sanctions and Internal Conflict: The Case of Iran
This study investigates the case of Iran to evaluate how changes in the intensity of... Read More
Childhood Vows, Career Costs: The Impacts of Early Marriage and Childbirth on Women’s Employment In Egypt – Evidence from ELMPS 2023
Egypt’s female labor force participation remains among the world’s lowest, at 16 percent in 2023.... Read More
Impact of the Chikungunya Epidemic on Household Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures In Kassala State, Sudan
This study examines the health and economic repercussions of the 2018 Chikungunya epidemic on households... Read More
Digital Financial Inclusion and Socioeconomic Sustainability in Saudi Arabia: Drivers, Disparities, and Policy Pathways
This study explores the evolution, determinants, and disparities of digital financial inclusion (DFI) in Saudi... Read More
The Effect of International Sanctions on the Size of the Middle Class in Iran
This study examines the impact of international economic sanctions, imposed on Iran due to its... Read More