Working Papers

ERF Working papers are a quick and efficient way of sharing research work to disseminate knowledge, receive feedback, obtain preliminary recognition, and ultimately, to prepare publications.

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Latest Working Papers

Working Papers

Making Trade Policy Innovation Friendly: What Role of...

Do reforms introducing more flexibility in developing countries’ labor markets reduce unemployment? This... Read More

Date

April, 2026

No.

1825

Topic

O3. Technological Change, Research and Development, Intellectual Property Rights

F1. Trade

Working Papers

Women’s Employment and Gender Dynamics in the Arab...

Do reforms introducing more flexibility in developing countries’ labor markets reduce unemployment? This... Read More

Date

March, 2026

No.

SWP 2026-3

Topic

O3. Technological Change, Research and Development, Intellectual Property Rights

J1. Demographic Economics

Working Papers

Women and the Green Economy in Arab Countries...

Do reforms introducing more flexibility in developing countries’ labor markets reduce unemployment? This... Read More

Date

March, 2026

No.

SWP 2026-2

Topic

O3. Technological Change, Research and Development, Intellectual Property Rights

Q5. Environmental Economics

J1. Demographic Economics

Working Papers

The Main Features of Sudan’s Income and Wage...

Do reforms introducing more flexibility in developing countries’ labor markets reduce unemployment? This... Read More

Date

March, 2026

No.

1824

Topic

D3. Distribution

E2. Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy

J3. Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs

O1. Economic Development

Working Papers

Gender Dynamics in the Digital Economy: Opportunities and...

Do reforms introducing more flexibility in developing countries’ labor markets reduce unemployment? This... Read More

Date

March, 2026

No.

SWP 2026-1

Topic

O3. Technological Change, Research and Development, Intellectual Property Rights

J1. Demographic Economics

Full List of Working Papers

Working Papers
Reforming Employment Protection in Egypt: An Evaluation Based on Transition Models with Measurement Errors

Do reforms introducing more flexibility in developing countries’ labor markets reduce unemployment? This paper proposes... Read More

Working Papers
How to Achieve Efficiency in Public Procurement Auctions

This paper empirically investigates the optimal number of bidders to achieve the lowest procurement prices... Read More

Working Papers
Toward Understanding Water Conflicts in MENA Region: A Comparative Analysis Using Water Poverty Index

Under the premise that water scarcity is inherently multidimensional, and not limited to unique physical... Read More

Working Papers
Impacts of Fiscal Legal Setting and Institutions on Budget Outcomes in the Rentier State of Kuwait

This study addresses the impact of the legislative setting, institutions, and political structure on the... Read More

Working Papers
Water Policy and Poverty Reduction in Rural Area: A Comparative Economy Wide Analysis for Morocco and Tunisia

Morocco and Tunisia are considered among the countries where the scarcity of water resources may... Read More

Working Papers
The Impact of Arab Spring on Hiring and Separation Rates in the Tunisian Labor Market

This paper analyses the hiring and separation rates in Tunisia before and after the Arab... Read More

Working Papers
Is Women’s Work A Pathway to their Agency in Rural Egypt?

Whether work is performed for household members’ consumption (subsistence work) or for sale to others... Read More

Working Papers
Accepability of Civil Marriage in a Multidenominational Society: Results of an Empirical Survey in Lebanon

Family laws in Lebanon are administered by eighteen religious institutions, while the Lebanese State has... Read More

Working Papers
Inequality of Opportunities of Educational Achievement in Turkey Over Time

This study investigates inequality of opportunity in educational achievements in Turkey over time. For this... Read More

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