Working Papers
ERF Working papers are a quick and efficient way of sharing research work to disseminate knowledge, receive feedback, obtain preliminary recognition, and ultimately, to prepare publications.
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When Sanctions Hit Home: Measuring Poverty Dynamics in Iran Using a Synthetic Panel Approach
Economic sanctions have become a routine instrument of foreign policy, yet their distributional consequences for... Read More
Low Taxes, Low Productivity? Labor Supply, Informality and The Role of Personal Income Taxes in The MENA Region
This paper investigates the MENA Paradox, where low statutory personal income taxes coexist with low... Read More
Powering the Energy Transition in Enterprises: Empirical Insights into the Global Value Chain–Energy Innovation Nexus
Global value chain (GVC) embedding can induce businesses’ energy efficiency and decarbonization transition. Yet, this... Read More
Where Have All the Mothers Gone? COVID and Mothers Leaving the Labor Force in Egypt
The paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender gaps in labor market... Read More
Micro-Level Estimation of Poverty in Iran: Evidence from 2016 Census Data
Accurate identification of deprived populations at a manageable geographic scale is essential for designing effective... Read More
Do Household Enterprise Dynamics Help Workers Climb the Job Ladder? Evidence from Egyptian Panel Data
Household enterprises are a defining feature of labor markets in developing countries, yet their relationship... Read More
Conflict Intensity and Nascent Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Iraq
This study examines how conflict intensity shapes nascent entrepreneurial transitions in Iraq. Combining ACLED regional... Read More
The Impact of the EU’s Emissions Trading System on 3rd Countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
Could the European Union’s Emission Trading System (EU’s ETS) have both negative (carbon leakage) and... Read More
Labor Market Dynamics and Economic Mobility: An Analysis of Egyptian Panel Data
Improving household welfare remains a central challenge in Egypt, where poverty persists and labor markets... Read More