Home > Publications > ERF Journal > MEDJ – ERF Middle East Development Journal: December 2025

ERF Journal

MEDJ – ERF Middle East Development Journal: December 2025

No.

Vol. 17, No. 2

Publisher

ERF and Taylor and Francis

Date

December, 2025

While female labor force participation (LFP) in Iran is among the lowest in the world, there is hardly any study on the COVID-19 pandemic effects on the country’s female LFP. We find that female LFP decreased during the pandemic years by around 1 percentage point in 2021 and 2022... Pages 174-197   Kuwaiti women working in Kuwait’s civil service earn, on average, 18 percent less than Kuwaiti men. Using a unique data set of all Kuwaiti nationals working in Kuwait’s civil service, this paper analyzes the relationship between wages, gender, and the relative dominance of women in occupations and workplaces. The main finding is that an important portion of... Pages: 198-223   This study explores the roles of health, education, energy use, and exports in driving economic growth in Jordan, with a comparative perspective on high-income countries (HICs). By applying a gradient boosting machine learning model, we identify the relative importance of these factors and employ curve-fitting techniques to project growth trajectories. Our findings show... Pages: 224-244   In the rapidly evolving landscape of global finance, this book emerges as a timely and comprehensive exploration of economic capital and risk management within Islamic finance. Published at a crucial juncture when Islamic banking faces increasingly complex challenges, the book effectively bridges theoretical foundations with practical applications, making it particularly relevant for contemporary Islamic banking practitioners and scholars... Pages: 245-247
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