In a nutshell:
- Egyptian women, especially rural women, have low economic participation by standard measures.
- Standard measures under-estimate the economic engagement of rural women.
- Married women work a “second shift” of domestic responsibilities.
- Gender role attitudes are equitable for education, but not work.
- One area where women, particularly rural women, are more en- gaged than men is in tending livestock and poultry.
- “Graduation” programs, providing livestock as assets, and ad- dressing the multitude of other constraints facing women, are a promising strategy for supporting Egyptian women.
![Supporting Women’s Livelihoods in Egypt: Opportunities and Challenges](https://erf.org.eg/app/uploads/2015/12/Caroline-Krafft-Pic-150x150.jpg)
Authors
Caroline Krafft
Associate Professor, Humphrey School of Public Affairs,...
![Supporting Women’s Livelihoods in Egypt: Opportunities and Challenges](https://erf.org.eg/app/uploads/2019/10/IMG_3111-150x150.jpg)
Authors
Emma Kettle
St. Catherine University, Department of Economics and...