Working Papers
ERF Working papers are a quick and efficient way of sharing research work to disseminate knowledge, receive feedback, obtain preliminary recognition, and ultimately, to prepare publications.
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The Missing Link: When GVC Does Not Matter for Structural Change
Despite rising levels of Global Value Chains (GVC) integration in several emerging and developing economies,... Read More
Does the Inverted U-Shaped Kuznets Environmental Curve Hold for Sudan? Evidence from the ARDL Approach
This study primarily aims to test the applicability of the inverted U-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve... Read More
The Role of FDI in Boosting Peacebuilding in Sudan via Promoting Youth Employability
This study examines the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in advancing peacebuilding in Sudan... Read More
Women’s Agency in Jordan: The Impact of Marriage and Motherhood Moderated by Education
Marriage and motherhood both represent key milestones in commitment and family responsibilities. In this context,... Read More
Supply Chain Diversification, Firm Persistence, and the Role of Finance: Case of Iranian MSMEs
This paper examines the relationship between supply chain diversification (SCD) and the persistence of micro,... Read More
Occupational Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap in Egypt, 1998–2023
Female labor force participation in Egypt remains low, and wages consistently under-reward women compared to... Read More
Household Micro and Small Enterprises in Egypt: Overview and Developments through 2023
We use household enterprise data from the Egypt Labor Market Panel Surveys (ELMPS) in 1998,... Read More
Is Egypt Ready for the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism? Evidence from Firm-Level Data
Egyptian firms are a vital case for examining the impact of the EU Carbon Border... Read More
How Mergers & Acquisitions (M&As) Shape the Dynamics of Exports and R&D Activities: Evidence from Tunisian Manufacturing Firms
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can inject technology and knowledge into host- country economies, potentially influencing... Read More