Working Papers
ERF Working papers are a quick and efficient way of sharing research work to disseminate knowledge, receive feedback, obtain preliminary recognition, and ultimately, to prepare publications.
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Full List of Working Papers
Which Firms Are More Digitized? A Comparative Study between Egypt and Jordan
Digitalization refers to the transition from an industrial age characterized by traditional technologies to a... Read More
Does Digitalization Matter? Evidence from Egyptian and Jordanian Firms
Generally, digitalized firms are more productive, more likely to export, and more likely to rely... Read More
Digitalization and Firm Performance in The Middle East and North Africa: Case Studies of Jordan, Morocco, and Egypt
In a digitalizing global economy, countries that successfully harness the potential of e-commerce are better... Read More
Digitalization and Disruptive Technologies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) Regions
This paper aims at investigating the role of digitalization and the so-called disruptive technologies (DTs)... Read More
Determinants of Adoption of Online Commercial Activities by Moroccan Firms
E-commerce is a global trend that is having an impact on consumers and businesses. While... Read More
The Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Sudanese Output: An Asymmetric Analysis using the NARDL Model
This study tests the hypothesis that the real effective exchange rate changes have an asymmetric... Read More
Estimating the Causal Relationship between External Debt and Inflation in Jordan: Evidence from an ARDL and Toda-Yamamoto Approaches
This study investigates the causal relationship, if any exists, between external debt and inflation in... Read More
State-Business Relations in Sudan: The Prospects for A Dynamic Private Sector
This paper reviews the state-business relations (SBRs) forged by the state rulers in Sudan who... Read More
Deindustrialization and Trade Openness: The Tunisian Case
Although industrialization has long been considered crucial for economic development and growth, the economic landscape... Read More