In a nutshell
- Demographic pressures on Egypt’s labor supply have decreased.
- The “youth bulge” generation are young adults now, their labor market entry complete, while the “echo” of the youth bulge is school-aged.
- Fertility, which had declined in Egypt and then risen, has once again fallen. The total fertility rate (births per woman), which was 3.5 in 2012-2014, fell to 3.1 in 2018.
- Labor force participation rates declined from 51% in 2012 to 48% in 2018.
- Employment rates declined from 47% to 44% over 2012 to 2018.
- Standard unemployment rates remained stable, but discouraged unemployment increased in 2018.
![The Future of Labor Supply and Demographics in Egypt: Impending Challenges and Untapped Potential](https://erf.org.eg/app/uploads/2015/12/Caroline-Krafft-Pic-150x150.jpg)
Authors
Caroline Krafft
Associate Professor, Humphrey School of Public Affairs,...
![The Future of Labor Supply and Demographics in Egypt: Impending Challenges and Untapped Potential](https://erf.org.eg/app/uploads/2019/10/IMG_3111-150x150.jpg)
Authors
Emma Kettle
St. Catherine University, Department of Economics and...