Areas of Interest:

• Macroeconomics
• Public Law

Education:

• Ph.D., University of Paris, 1964
• Diplome des Etudes Superieures, Sciences Economiques, University of Grenoble, France, 1961
• Diplome des Etudes Superieures, Public Law, Cairo University, 1959

Experience:

• Executive Director , International Monetary Fund
• Former Prime Minister, Egypt
• Vice-Prime Minister and Minister of Finance, Egypt, 2011
• Advisor, Arab Monetary Fund, 2001-2011
• Under Secretary General, Executive Secretary, UN -Economic & Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA), 1995–2000
• Chairman & CEO, Export Development Bank of Egypt, 1983–1995

Latest Publications:

• Le Role de l’Etat dans le Developpment Economique. Institute International du Droit d’Expression et d’Inspiration Francaise, Brucxelle 1997
• The Renter State, with Giocomo Luciani, Croom Helm London 1987.
• The Arab Gulf Economy in a Turbulent Age, Croom Helm, London 1984.