In a nutshell
- Households’ social protection coverage by at least one program (non-contributory transfers, retirement pensions, or social insurance contributions in employment) dropped from 68% of households in 2006 to 56% in 2018, rising slightly to 58% in 2023, representing 16 million households.
- Social insurance contributions were the main coverage source in 2006 and 2012 but declined by 2018 and 2023 due to increased employment informality.
- Retirement pensions grew the fastest, covering 29% of households in 2023, up from 26% in 2006, likely due to population aging.
- Households without any form of social protection coverage tend to remain uncovered over time.
- There is limited integration across social assistance and contributory systems as few pathways exist for households on non-contributory aid to transition to contributory schemes, due to limited access to formal jobs.
- Social protection policies need to integrate tools and interventions whereby there is continuity and integration between forms of protection to enable a synergistic and comprehensive social protection system and coverage.
- Policy priorities should include promoting stable, inflation-adjusted incomes and expanding social insurance access across household types.
Research Fellows
Irène Selwaness
Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics and Political...
Speakers
Hania Sholkamy
Associate Research Professor, Social Research Centre, The...