ERF 25th Annual Conference: Knowledge, Research Networks, and Development Policy
FromMar 10, 2019 To Mar 12, 2019
Kuwait City, Kuwait
The Economic Research Forum’s (ERF) Annual Conference, a tradition maintained since 1995, has become the premier regional event for economists of the Middle East; where new ideas are created and disseminated, where the community of researchers meet, and where excellence is celebrated. This year’s conference is very special as it marks the 25th anniversary of the ERF, which was established in 1993 to build a strong research capacity in the region. It was one of the first institutions to connect economic researchers from across the region.
This year’s conference is held under the theme of Knowledge, Research Networks, and Development Policy. Hosted by the Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development, it will be held throughout 10-12 March 2019 in Kuwait City, Kuwait. This is a timely topic in light of the significant political, social, and economic transformation currently witnessed in the region, and it is also highly relevant to ERF’s celebration of its achievements, aspirations, community, and partners. The plenary sessions will feature world-renowned economists and thought leaders to provide valuable, thought-provoking ideas and viewpoints to take forward the region’s agenda towards economic growth and sustainable development.
The design of this year’s conference will be different from previous years. There will be four main plenary sessions, and two special panels, which will feature prominent economists, social scientists, and policymakers. This year, a number of special events will be held in celebration of the ERF’s 25th anniversary. The parallel sessions will feature a larger number of diverse papers across cross-cutting critical themes selected on the basis of a rigorous refereeing process in response to an open call for papers. The closing plenary session will celebrate the winners of what has become a regional certificate of excellence: The Best Paper Award. The ceremonial gala dinner will be an opportunity to express the gratitude and acknowledgement of the ERF’s founding members and management, and to the ERF prestigious community of researchers who have enriched the ERF with their valuable contributions.
Conference Theme
Countries in the MENA region face a myriad of lingering and emerging development challenges, ranging from achieving sustained job-creating growth to meet the youth bulge and dealing with climate change and environmental degradation, to building peace and reconstructing societies and economies coming out of conflicts. The answer has been and will continue to be strong institutions and good governance. However, in the emerging increasingly digitalized global economy, MENA, like other developing regions, should deploy whatever institutional capacity it has to promote meaningful knowledge- and innovation-based development policy. As an economic development model, Knowledge Economy is based on the creation, transfer, and dissemination of knowledge and innovation. It hinges on four pillars: economic and institutional framework, educated and skilled population, innovation systems, and dynamic information infrastructure. These four pillars are necessary to create knowledge that needs to be transformed into products valued by the MENA markets to promote growth, create jobs, and increase welfare. Although some countries in the region have adopted concrete plans towards building knowledge economies and have started to invest in these four pillars, more work needs to be done, especially for those who have yet to take the first preliminary steps.
Networks, such as social networks, firm networks, and research networks, are major players in the Knowledge Economy, where they expand information and technologies and catalyze ideas and resources. For instance, social networks are widely used in the current economic literature given their importance in understanding the behavior of individuals and their decisions. In turn, this facilitates the implementation of policies that would effectively impact individual behaviors. Firms and research networks allow for the production and dissemination of knowledge as well as the creation of new jobs, which is crucial for the MENA region in light of its high level of structural unemployment, especially among youth.
Therefore, governments and other stakeholders in MENA countries should view the research network as a centerpiece of the eco-system of the envisaged knowledge economy that can achieve sustainable job-creating growth in the emerging technology- and knowledge-intensive global economy.
Plenaries, Panels, and Special Sessions
Three plenaries are planned to address the following issues: first, Knowledge, Economic Research Networks and Development Policy; second, The Role of Knowledge in the Process of Innovation in the New Global Economy, and third, Job-creating Growth in the Emerging Global Economy. Another special plenary highly relevant to the ERF’s 25th anniversary asks the question of which schools of thought have dominated economic research and policymaking in MENA and how they evolved over time. In addition, the first panel documents the emerging role of the ERF in partnership with statistics offices in the region as a premier repository of labor, households, and other micro datasets from the region. The second panel addresses the role of the new ERF research agenda in tackling new challenges faced by the region. Finally, there will be a special session on the Faces and Voices from the ERF Community reflecting on their past experiences with the ERF and their aspirations for the future.
Plenary Session 1: Knowledge, Economic Networks, and Development Policy
The use and application of knowledge along with the expansion of information and communication technologies, known as the Knowledge Revolution, are a major source of economic development. However, MENA countries lag behind other countries in this regard, given the low investment in education, information infrastructure, and research and development. Thus, economic networks connecting firms with researchers, universities, and other stakeholders as policymakers and international organizations allow for the creation, transfer, and dissemination of knowledge and innovation. This knowledge may lead to the emergence of new industries or the reform of existing ones, which will therefore result in creating jobs, increasing growth, and achieving sustainable development.
This panel aims to tackle the process of moving forward on the path towards a knowledge economy by answering the following questions:
- What are the main barriers facing the MENA region?
- What are the main lessons to learn from the International community?
- What is the role of existing research networks, such as the ERF, in catalyzing knowledge and achieving sustainable development?
- What is the likely future direction of development research in the new era of digitalization, big data, and GVCs, and how should development research networks, such as the ERF, shape their future research agenda?
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Chairperson: Abdlatif Al Hamad
Welcome Remarks: Ibrahim Elbadawi
Keynote Speaker: Paul Collier
Panelists: Xavier de Souza Briggs
Panelists: Barbara Shenstone
Plenary Session 2: The Role of Knowledge in the Process of Innovation in the New Global Economy
In a new global economy witnessing a knowledge revolution, investment in intangible assets has become the main characteristic of the Knowledge Economy. This intangible economy is driven by proprietary knowledge, ideas, and innovation. Although characterized by high upfront costs as well as high risks, these intangible investments pave the way for low marginal costs and large potential returns and rewards to strategic behavior.
Therefore, this panel will discuss the following questions:
- What are the main conditions needed for intangible investment?
- What are the main channels needed to produce knowledge and transform it into innovation in the MENA region?
- What is the institutional framework needed to incentivize the creation of patents and proprietary knowledge?
- How can we achieve a balance between protecting intellectual properties and protecting consumers against the power of innovative firms? What role should governments play on the national, regional, and global scales?
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Keynote Speaker: Rohinton Medhora
Panelist: Hassan Aly
Panelist: Shahrokh Fardoust
Panelist: Albert Zeufack
Plenary Session 3: Job-Creating Growth in the Emerging Global Economy
A knowledge- and innovation-based economy requires young educated and skilled population able to utilize current knowledge to create new ideas that can be transformed into new products valued by the market. Innovation Networks such as “cluster” or “milieu innovateur” include innovative firms, universities, and other institutions. Created locally or globally, these networks are prime sources of knowledge creation and innovation. New ideas are therefore transferred and diffused between the different members of the network; consequently, creating new jobs to absorb new entrants to the labor market.
Therefore, this panel will attempt to answer the following questions:
- How might the emerging digitized global economy and GVCs, among others, affect the development strategies for MENA and other developing countries, including regarding:
– The relative effectiveness of manufacturing and services as enablers of job-creating growth
– The role of Knowledge and innovation in shaping public policy and development strategies in general
- How might the collaboration between innovative firms and universities solve the existing mismatch between the outputs of the educational system and the needs of the labor market?
- What are the main challenges faced by the MENA region to invest in skilled and educated human capital? And what is the role of early childhood education in developing the skillsets needed for new jobs?
- How will governments react to the unemployment created by the disappearance of jobs due to the emergence of new technology and knowledge?
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Chairperson: Yousef Al Ebraheem
Panelist: Lant Pritchett
Panelist: Massoud Karshenas
Panelist: Ishac Diwan
Special Plenary: Schools of Thought and Economic Research and Policymaking in MENA
This special plenary deliberates the schools of thought that dominated the economic sphere in MENA. The discussions, which are based on a region-wide survey of economists, aim to apprehend how economic policies are and have been designed in MENA. Given the recent political and economic changes in the region, it is important to understand how the schools of thought play a role in shaping public policies as well as overall development strategies.
Panel 1: From Data to Policy – Rewarding Partnership with Statistics Centers in the Region
This special plenary will convene the heads of National Statistical Offices (NSOs) from the region, as well as researchers and policymakers, to celebrate the achievements of the ERF Open Access Micro Data Initiative (OAMDI), and to showcase the ERF data collection and harmonization efforts made possible through the strategic cooperation with NSOs. The session will also highlight the value of sharing micro data and emphasize the research-to-policy link.
Panel 2: ERF in the Emerging New Normal and the Changing Nature of Works
The ERF is a research network that generates and disseminates knowledge addressing the main challenges faced by the MENA region. These challenges include large scale violence and civil wars, inequality, employment, climate change, environmental damage, and subsidies and social justice. However, in the emerging global context of technological progress and innovation changing the nature of work and the dramatic decline in oil prices known as the New Normal, these challenges will remain, and new challenges will appear. Although innovation is known to transform living standards, it may be the reason behind widespread unemployment as John Maynard Keynes warned in 1930. However recent research, for example, the new World Development Report 2019 The Changing Nature of Work showed that technology will provide “opportunities to create new jobs, increase productivity, and deliver effective public services. Through innovation, technology generates new sectors and new tasks.”
Against this backdrop, this panel will reflect on the quarter century of ERF research and policy outreach, including the first two years of the current ERF Strategy 2017/2021, and explore the future direction of the ERF, accounting for ideas from a wide and diverse group of ERF researchers; policy makers from the region; and partners from the development and knowledge community.