Economist. Worked at U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Federal Reserve Board, International Monetary Fund, and upon retirement Consultant to Islamic Financial Services Board and UNESCWA, and Expert Lecturer for IMF. In 2008, took year-long sabbatical at European Central Bank and Asian Development Bank Institute to study development of monetary unions. Numerous presentations and publications, including on statistical requirements for GCC monetary union, GCC monetary union exchange rate, GCC convergence criteria, and Islamic finance in the national accounts.